in industries for attaining global CE as per. Industries ought to focus on stimulating the biomass means, technical routing, byproduct synergy, carbon capture features, system automation, scientific implications, feedback mechanisms, connecting nodes, etc. Today, it is necessary to react towards technological advancements and deployments for coping with the demand for liquid fuel, the shortage of crude oil, monitoring of liquid fuel routes, and the assessment of their life cycle’s estimation for addressing CE as per. The employment of appropriate technology can radically reduce ecological pollution and wastes by improving connectivity, integration, and automation towards oil mill processors and allied systems for attaining CE. Firms adapt a technical and institutional framework for enrolling, recycling, and disposal monitoring systems to ensure utilization of waste oils and hazardous wastes with a huge public interest in developing CE. Today’s emergent demands of domestic oils and gas resources are stimulating the research communities towards devising appropriate means to monitor and evaluate the physical performance for saving energy, processes which are respected as CE as per. The growth of the population also propelled industrialists to establish, expand, and integrate their business empires by incorporating different varieties of customized products with the least waste. This approach is called the Circular Economy (CE). In the last decade, the demand from customers for customized products with the lowest prices thrust Production Systems (PSs) into more digitalized capabilities with an effort of minimizing the wastefulness of industries. Eventually, the authors advised scholars to focus on the research areas of very weak and moderately weak performing CNs/ALs in order to attain future CE.
The RTs of DO have been determined as excellent and stronger over 2007-2017 than residue CNs/ALs. Next, the authors collected the DOIs/URLs corresponding to each CN-AL and explored the Sum of Digit Scoring System (SDSS) to summarize the DOIs/URLs of PI 4.0-CNs/ALs. The authors searched three hundred two research documents, wherein two hundred seventy-five research manuscripts qualified as RQ 2. To materialize the RTs of PI 4-CNs/ALs, the authors conducted the Systematic Literature Survey (SLS) focusing on PI 4.0-CNs/ALs, i.e., Internet of Things (IoTs), Cyber Physical System (CPS), Virtual Reality (VR), Integration (I), Data Optimization (DO), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Plant Control (PC), Data and Analytics (DA), Network (N), and Information and Data Management (IDM). In addressing the said research challenge, the objective of this research dossier is turned towards inculcating into future PI 4.0 researchers the RTs of CNs/ALs of PI 4.0, so that the researches can be organized over the very weak and moderately performing CNs-ALs to hike the future CE. Recently, it has been ascertained that the identification and measurement of Research Trends (RTs) of CNs-ALs help the PI 4.0 to build the future CE. PI 4.0 fruitfully participated to achieve the Circular Economy (CE) by speeding the reutilization, recovery, and recycling of scrap materials by minimizing cost, unproductive operations, energy consumption, emission of flue gases, etc.
In the present era, many Petrochemical Industries (PIs) are driven energetically due to IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) Communication Networks/Architectural Layers (CNs/ALs), abbreviated as PI 4.0-CNs/ALs.